The United States is reprioritizing where it sources its energy. Over the last 13 years, the country has shuttered more coal mines than it has opened. As of 2020, there were 551 mines in the United States (out of that group, 37% of them idled operations<\/a>) compared to more than 1,200 active mines in 2008.<\/p>\n What remains after coal extraction makes site conditions difficult for redevelopment, but contractors are finding luck replacing the fossil fuel operations with solar arrays. Utility-scale solar developers are already planning and constructing arrays across coal communities. Savion is developing a state-sanctioned, 200-MW solar project on a former coal mine in Kentucky; Competitive Power Ventures has a 127-MW project under development in Pennsylvania and another 175-MW project in Maryland; J-POWER USA and Birchwood Solar are developing a 50-MW solar + storage project at a former coal plant in Virginia.<\/p>\n Then anticipating the energy shift, Michigan utility Consumers Energy announced in June its plans to cease coal use by 2025.<\/p>\n \u201cIt\u2019s a transition of power. You\u2019re using something that was a previous generation of technology and you\u2019re adapting that to what is the future,\u201d said Michael Faraone, director of engineering at Terrasmart.<\/p>\n Terrasmart<\/a>, a turnkey solar structure manufacturer and civil services provider, has several projects on the docket that will cover coal mining operations. The company has a reputation for producing ground-mounts that perform in difficult soil conditions, a common issue among former coal sites. The process of extracting coal leaves behind mine tailings, a mixture of different soils and rocks pulled from the earth that has low compaction, like fill dirt, and makes it difficult for developing that land for residential or commercial purposes.<\/p>\n Unlike landfills and certain brownfields, the ground can be penetrated at coal sites, giving installers more options than ballast foundations. However, there are additional considerations required for determining a former coal site\u2019s compaction rate.<\/p>\n More than a quarter of the country\u2019s coal is produced in the Appalachian region, where many of these solar projects are sited. In early 2021, a coalition of groups from Appalachia issued a report<\/a> with plans to redevelop abandoned coal mines and brownfields in six states with solar.<\/p>\n \u201cThough this past year has presented many challenges, we\u2019ve seen communities in Appalachia continue to drive toward economic diversification with creative and innovative reclamation projects,\u201d said Adam Wells, regional director of community and economic development with Appalachian Voices.<\/p>\n